Brooke Zirker

Professor Lee

American Literature

20 March 2017

                                   

                                                            The Real Truth

Dickinson was a very interesting poet but was considered one of the many great American poets for her time. She lived with her parents almost her entire life and her only friends were her siblings. She spent a lot of time looking at cemeteries which may have influenced the theme of some of her poems. She wrote several poems but a lot of them were not good enough to be published at the time. She never actually titled any of her poems so they are referred to by the first line of the poem. Dickinson wrote some poems that had a positive outlook on everything but they were mostly about death. A lot of her poems dealt with themes such as sadness, depression, and death. Even though her poems weren’t about beauty and creation like Emerson liked but she wrote about the themes how they explained the truths of life which was also something that Emerson thought represented an American aesthetic.

In Emily Dickinson’s “I heard a Fly Buzz - when I Died”, she is describing the moment and the events leading up to this “person” in the poem’s death. She starts off by describing the scene as quiet and still. She describes it in a way of making it sound beautiful, she says it was “like the stillness in the Air/ Between the Heaves of Storm” (Ln. 3-4). This is a big moment for this person and this is how it should be, calm and still. The person awaiting their death, they already signed away their belongings and the people in the room were awaiting the king's presence to take her off to heaven. This person went through the proper ritual (things someone should do before they die) when all of a sudden a gross, little fly has interrupted this beautiful moment. She describes this fly as “With Blue - uncertain - stumbling Buzz- between the light - and me -” (14-15). The person in this poem thought they were completely ready for their “majestic” death when this fly came in and distracted them. The person was now focused on this annoying fly buzzing around their head. I think Dickinson is using this “annoying fly” to project uncertainty within this person. This fly got in between this person and the light. I think that the lights can be looked at in many different ways one being, knowledge and this certainty, to ultimately know for sure what's going to happen. Dickinson uses her themes to relate to her readers. In this poem, this person thought they were ready but a small part of them wasn’t ready. A lot of people could be going through the exact same thing. This is what Emerson was saying when he said poets should write about the truth. I think these truths don’t necessarily have to happy and optimistic. Instead they are about real issues that she and her readers might be dealing with. And in this poem she is saying everybody is a little uncertain at times and that is just a fact of life.

  Dickinson wrote another poem about death called “Because I could not Stop for Death” and instead of describing the moments before someone’s death, she describes the journey with “death” from life to after death.In this poem, Death is personified and picks her up with a carriage and takes her on a “date” leading her to her death. At first the women is too busy for this “gentlemen” and didn’t have time to get her affairs in order but it didn’t matter, she had to go. Death was ready for her but she wasn’t ready for it. In another one her poems “Safe in their Alabaster Chambers” she discusses the idea that this eternal sleep is a part of life and something that we all must face. These “chambers” are our coffins and “sleeping” is our deaths. In both of these poems she brings up this idea that even if we aren’t ready for it, death is coming. In both of these poems she is being honest and blunt. Death might creep up on you and it's just something you have to accept. A lot of people might not be ready for it but like Dickinson illustrates in her poems, it's just a part of life and it is going to happen no matter what. These poems are depressing and not anything about beauty or creation like Emerson would seek but it is about the stages of life and the truths of life. Her imagery and truths are necessarily pretty but they are the truth. Emerson says a poet should be original and speak the truth, and this exactly what Dickinson is doing in her poems. She explains through depressing imagery and metaphors that this is the way that life works and that we are all going to die and we have to accept it.

A similar poem that was written by Dickinson called “It was not Death, for I stood up” talks about the reality of depression and what it is and how it affects her and everything in her life. She talks about how this feeling wasn’t death itself, but more of an emptiness inside or even a numb feeling (1675 Ln. 1-2). When she says “And yet, it tasted, like them all” she is explaining how her thoughts and emotions are affecting the other things in her life (Ln. 10). She explains how awful depression can be and how awful it really makes you feel. In another poem called “I felt a Funeral, in my Brain,” Dickinson describes a person basically losing their mind. In this poem, they are falling out of touch with reality and going into a very bad state of mind (1673 Ln. 1-5). She uses the same word in her poem “It was not Death, for I stood up” to describe how this person is feeling, “numb”. Whether you’re depressed or actually losing your mind you aren’t complete, you have lost something and you feel numb. They both explore the idea of sadness, depression, emptiness, and what it feels like to lose your mind. There is drumming and beating and chaos, this sanity that she once had has been lost. These are not everyday topics that everyone writes about. Emerson liked to talk about beauty but he also like to talk about the truth of life. He talked about finding the finding meaning of life and the journey there. And I think Dickinson demonstrates this journey but shows that it’s not always perfect and pretty, that sometimes it’s ugly and it’s hard. In these poems she writes about the idea that not everyone is perfect and that lots of people deal with depression and that the world is chaotic and sometimes people lose their minds. But eventually you will get there. Her work is original and speaks about the truth of the world just like Emerson would have wanted.

Dickinson may not have been super optimistic and happy in all of her poems but she spoke of the truths in life. She described the moments leading up to death, depression, and how this world is incredibly chaotic and how not everything is going to be perfect all the time. The journey to find the meaning of life is not going to be easy, it can be very difficult. Emerson says that a poet speaks of truth and this is what Dickinson did. She was ultimately an amazing poet and a representative of an American aesthetic.

                                                           

Works Cited

Dickinson, Emily. “Because I could not Stop for Death”.. 8th ed. Vol. B. New York: W. W. Norton, 2012. N. pag. Print.

Dickinson, Emily. “I felt a Funeral in Brain”. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. 8th ed. Vol. B. New York: W. W. Norton, 2012. N. pag. Print.

Dickinson, Emily.I Heard a Fly Buzz - in my Brain”. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. 8th ed. Vol. B. New York: W. W. Norton, 2012. N. pag. Print.

Dickinson, Emily. “It was not Death, for I Stood up”.. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. 8th ed. Vol. B. New York: W. W. Norton, 2012. N. pag. Print.

Dickinson, Emily. “Safe in their Alabaster Chambers”. The Norton Anthology of

           American Literature. 8th ed. Vol. B. New York: W. W. Norton, 2012. N. pag. Print.

The Great American Poet

Kaylyn Elizabeth Fairchild

English 244

Dr. Lee

20 March 2017

The Great American Poet

   Ralph Waldo Emerson explained his idea of a great American poet in his poem, “The Poem”. Emerson explained that his idea of a poet was someone who represented beauty in their poems, someone who can stand their ground and perhaps even apart from others on what they are saying and what they believe, and is also someone who speaks truth (296). One poet who tried to meet these expectations was Walt Whitman. Walt Whitman made it his goal to become the great American poet that Emerson called for in 1842. Walt Whitman shows that he met the expectations of the great American poet because he expressed his own originality and creativity, he spoke his reality truthfully, and represented the optimism of America.         

   Whitman greatly displayed his creativity in one of his poems titled “Song of Myself” through the style of the poem as well as some of the concepts discussed. “Song of Myself” is a poem that focuses on Walt Whitman, his poetry, and what it contains. This creativity and originality is shown by the way the poem is formed. Whitman used what we know as beat poetry; a form of poetry that Whitman may have inspired. Beat poetry is almost like music, with a certain rhythm and rhyme coming from the structure. The first stanza of section one, Whitman stated, “I celebrate and sing myself / And what I assume you shall assume, / For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you” (1-4).  This stanza has a rhythm to it that you can hear when speaking it aloud. The structure of the stanza also makes the reading seem to flow easier, not exactly rhyming but fitting together in a way that sounds good. Not only does this poem have a certain beat to it, but the content is also a creative originality that he possessed. Whitman had a keen interest on writing about his physical being. This is shown in lines in section two of “Song of Myself,” where Whitman talked about “the smoke” of his breath, the making up of his physical being, the way his heart beat, the air and blood that passed throughout his body (21-23). Physical being is something that not a lot of poets from the time focus on. This, coupled with the structure of the poem, create an original creativity that fits what Emerson was looking for in the great American poet.

   Walt Whitman also showed the reality of his truth in one of his more somber poems “The Wound-Dresser”. “The Wound-Dresser” is a poem about a medic who looks back on the Civil War after his grandchildren, or perhaps his children, ask him what it was like. In the poem, the narrator goes back through all of his memories of the war; starting from when he was anxious for the violence, and ending with him sitting with those among the dead and wounded. Whitman displayed the awful truth of the war through the language and imagery he used, such as his description of dressing wounds such as crushed heads, arm stumps, amputated hands, clotted wounds, shot necks, then the death and mercy of death for many soldiers (41-49). Whitman does not shy away from the gruesomeness of the war, making this poem a truth spoken to both sides. Another poem that he spoke of the truth was in “Vigil Strange I Kept on the Field One Night”. This poem is about a person who keeps vigil—or watch—over a dead stranger on the battlefield. The narrator of the poem meets the stranger before the fighting starts, and then afterwards watches over his dead body (1-25). This poem is another example of Whitman giving the harsh truth through his haunting prose, something that Emerson was looking for in a great American poet.

   More common was for Whitman to write more optimistic poems, which displayed Whitman’s American optimism, especially in his poem “Song of Myself”. He showed this optimism by speaking of—and even celebrating—the diversity of America’s inner make-up. Section 15 of “Song of Myself” discusses the different kind of people that reside in America, such as newly-come immigrants, the duck-shooter, the carpenter, the pilot, and even more (263-326). Whitman ends section 15 saying that all of these people have a common humanity, which makes up America and that they are all related through their American identity (327-329). This shows optimism because it shows that Whitman considered every American to be interconnected and responsible of carrying each other’s burden because of the fact that they were American. This perspective of Americans and the diversity of the nation is the American optimism that Emerson believed the great American poet should possess and express.

   Emerson expressed his idea of a great American poet as someone who held American optimism, someone who spoke the truth through their art, and their own original creativity. Upon reading of these idea, Walt Whitman made it his mission to achieve the status of a great American poet. He succeeded at reaching this goal, which is shown through the representation of American optimism through diversity in “Song of Myself,” and his display of the truth no matter how harsh it may be in both “The Wound-Dresser” and “Vigil Strange I Kept on the Field One Night,” then finally his creativity shown through the content and structure of his poems, specifically “Song of Myself”.

Works Cited

Whitman, Walt. “Song of Myself”. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. 8th ed. Vol.                 B. New York: W. W. Norton, 2012. N. 1330-74. Print.

Whitman, Walt. “The Wound-Dresser”. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. 8th ed.                Vol. B. New York: W. W. Norton, 2012. N. 1399-1401. Print.

Whitman, Walt. “Vigil Strange I Kept on the Field One Night”. The Norton Anthology of                        American Literature. 8th ed. Vol. B. New York: W. W. Norton, 2012. N. 1396-97. Print.

Walt Whitman: The Great 19th Century American Poet

Walt Whitman was born in West Hills, New York on May 31st, 1819. Whitman grew up working and learning in the printing district as he fell in love with writing. Due to his increased reading he was able to largely teach himself the art of writing and the depth of reading. When he came to be seventeen years old he switched careers to become a teacher for five years in Long island until 1841 when he then switched to journalism full time. He then edited for a numerous amount of newspapers and founded the Long-Islander, a weekly newspaper, and the Brooklyn Freeman which was a “free soil” newspaper. Whitman released the first edition of his novel Leaves of Grass in 1855 and would later go on to release eight more editions throughout his lifetime. He also volunteered as a sort of nurse during the civil war to help aid wounded soldiers and comfort them in their time of distress and went on to write a collection of poems inspired by the civil war. Walt Whitman is known as one of America’s greatest and most influential poets who worked to fight traditional mindsets and appreciated love, nature, and the body within the soul. Walt Whitman was a visionary, a seeker of truth, and a representative of an American aesthetic. 

Walt Whitman’s writing contained many new a controversial ideas that could label him as a visionary of his time. Many of these visionistic ideas are found in his poem “Song of Myself” which was included in his novel Leaves of Grass. In this poem Whitman aims to explore the boundaries of the self in order to absorb all Americans, the world, and even the cosmos. While exploring the self, Whitman ultimately sparks some controversy from his readers as he talks descriptively of the body and of human sexuality. This is shown very plainly in section 28 of the poem as Whitman says “Behaving licentious towards me, taking no denial, / Depriving me of my best as for a purpose, / Unbuttoning my clothes, holding me by the bare waist,” (625-627). At the time this was published it would have been unheard of to speak like this about something as touchy as sexuality was. Whitman is speaking in a new and visionistic sense about the body and sexuality that was at the time labeled as scandalous because that's just not how you were “supposed” to talk about those things, let alone talk about them at all. Whitman also showed his characteristic of being a visionary when he would talk about absorbing the world and how everything and everyone in the world is connected in a scientific sense. He shows this in section 44 of the poem when he says “Before I was born out of my mother generations guided me, / My embryo has never been torpid, nothing could overlay it. / For it the nebula cohered to an orb, / The long slow strata piled to rest it on, / Vast vegetables gave it sustenance, / Monstrous sauroids transported it in their mouths and deposited it with care. / All forces have been steadily employ’d to complete and delight me, / Now on this spot I stand with my robust soul”  (1162-1169). In these lines Whitman is expressing his belief that his identity is entwined with ours and how in his own present moment he embodies existence in itself. His own existence was passed on to him by the materials of the world dating all the way back to the dinosaurs so that he contains the past, present, and the future in which his body and materials will contribute to countless other existences. This would be visionistic at the time due to the new conceptions of of the universe that were revealed with advances in the sciences. 

Walt Whitman was also a seeker of truth in his words of poetry in a way that most people weren't. Whitman put an emphasis on finding “the self” and exploring your own mind and body to reveal a new identity that you never knew you had. He shows this in section 1 of “Song of Myself” when he says “I celebrate myself, and I sing myself,” and again when he says “I harbor for good or bad, I permit to speak at every hazard, / Nature without check with original energy” (1, 12-13).  In these lines Whitman is urging the readers to explore just how vast the self can be and when we come to see that, we must celebrate the self and return to it many times. This would be a journey in which we discover the “original energy” of “nature without check” where its free and unrestrained by society. He really focused on finding out the truth of the world and of the self without all of the rules and restrictions that have been put on us from traditions and social constructs of our culture. He further exemplifies this in section 2 of the poem as he says “You shall no longer take things at second or third hand, nor look through the eyes of the dead, nor feed on the spectres in books, / You shall not look through my eyes either, nor take things from me, / You shall listen to all sides and filter them from your self” (35-37). When Whitman says this he is urging his readers to not seek truth from others, or even from Whitman himself, but through their own eyes. He is saying this because each person has a completely different “self” than anyone else so they would interpret the things of the world differently in a way that no one else would if they only looked through their own eyes and not through others. 

Whitman can also be labeled as a representative of an American aesthetic through his works. In poems from his civil war collection he especially shows this characteristic. In “Beat! Beat! Drums!” Whitman is telling the story of the drums and bugles that lead the way to battle and how they drown out the sound of everyday American living. He showcases an American aesthetic when he says “Beat! beat! drums! - blow! bugles! blow! / Through the windows - through the doors - burst like ruthless force, / Into the solemn church, and scatter the congregation, / Into the school where the scholar is studying; / Leave not the bridegroom quiet - no happiness must he have now with his bride,” (1-5). When Whitman says this he is in a way recruiting the readers and the public to join the American armed forces in the war. Throughout the poem the drums and bugles drown out the sounds of everyone who is living normally and in its place is the beats and blows of the instruments leading the newly recruited soldiers to war. In the same instance the beats and blows of the instruments can be seen as playing “Taps” which would mean they’re leading the fallen soldiers to their grave. In another poem called, “The Wound-Dresser” from Whitman’s civil war collection, he further exemplifies his representation of an American aesthetic. This poem is telling the story of an old man recalling his time as a wound-dresser in the civil war. When Whitman says “To the long rows of cots up and down each side I return, / To each and all one after another I draw near, not one do I miss, / An attendant follows holding a tray, he carries a refuse pail, / Soon to be fill’d with clotted rags and blood, emptied, and fill’d again” he is showcasing his advocation and commitment to the war (30-33). In the poem the speaker says “Yet I think I could not refuse this moment to die for you, if that would save you” (38). When he says this he is expressing the effect of the war for both sides, the soldiers and the help. All that mattered to the wound-dresser was that he could be there for the wounded American soldiers and turn medical care into compassionate caring during these soldiers hardest times.

Walt Whitman was without question one of the most influential American writers and left a lasting impact on American society that still stands with us today. He was a visionary with his words forcing his audience to look deeper into the world and seek voraciously to find the truth in life. He spoke to the souls of all Americans with his recruitment poems that struck deep into the hearts of those who had greatly advocated for and had been most affected by the war. Without Walt Whitman, countless writers would not have been able to find the inspiration that they did to continue making great American literature. Without Walt Whitman, America just wouldn't be the same as it is today. 

Emily Dickinson, A Great American Poet

                Emily Dickinson was born October 10, 1830 in Amherst, Massachusetts. Dickinson is known for her poetry. She is said to be one of the great American poets. People believed that Dickinson was a dark person because most of her poems were about death. However, she did write some poems that had very deep meanings and did not pertain to death. An example of this is her poem "The Brain- is Wilder than the Sky". This poem starts out comparing the brain and the sky. It states "The one the other will contain". when it says this it could be interpreted that the Brain has s similar capacity to the sky, which is endless. The brain has the ability to contain all things and knowledge. The brain is the most powerful thing in the world because all ideas and man made inventions come from the brain. The poem goes on to explain how the brain is deeper than the sea. this is meaning that the brain is has the ability to process things in a complex way and is what makes people think in a deeper way to understand more. The poem compares the brain as "Sponges". This could be interpreted that the brain can easily absorb things. For example, babies and young children pick up on things very easy and learn to talk and understand a language when they are very young.

One poem that Emily Dickinson wrote that does pertain to death is called "Because I Could not Stop for Death". it reads "Because I could not stop for Death – He kindly stopped for me –  The Carriage held but just Ourselves –  And Immortality. We slowly drove – He knew no haste And I had put away My labor and my leisure too, For His Civility – We passed the School, where Children strove At Recess – in the Ring –  We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain –  We passed the Setting Sun – Or rather – He passed us – The Dews drew quivering and chill – For only Gossamer, my Gown – My Tippet – only Tulle." This poem can be interpreted that people live their lives in a way that is too fast and they don't have time for the little things. This is what Dickinson thought in her life. What if she was alive now? She would be amazed by how fast everything happens, how people don't take time to enjoy the little things and how it seems that death comes so quickly in peoples lives.
   

Harriet Jacobs and the Fight for Freedom

Lacy J. Rowan 

6th March, 2017 

American Literature 

Essay #2- Arguments about Slavery 

Harriet Jacobs and the Fight for Freedom 

In Frederick Douglass' speech “What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?” he asks the question of who is entitled to liberty. I believe that Harriet Jacobs' "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl" answers the question of weather or not man is entitled to liberty though her own personal experience being a slave. 

Jacobs is able to provide a perspective of life as a slave by using pathos and personal stories told from her own perspective. She is able to describe how it feels to be both a free and owned person because she didn’t know she was a slave until she was six years old. She is also able to use pathos to make the reader empathize with her experience as a slave. Furthermore, she describes the dehumanization that occurred with the slavery. Slave owners viewed them as commodities rather than real people. She writes "These God-breathing machines are no more, in the sight of their masters, than the cotton they plant, or the horses they tend" (924). During this time period, a main argument for why slavery should not be abolished was that they were an economic system. Plantation owners made lots of money off of the work of slaves who would never receive a reward for their efforts, granted a decent place to sleep. The exploitation of slaves is an embarrassing mark on our history today, but at the time it was a highly debated topic. Jacobs' writing brings to light just how inhumanly slaves were treated and the hardships they went through. 

Jacobs writes about her personal experiences and how even the things we would see as an inherent right, were off limits to her. Because to add to the dehumanization of slaves, she was also not allowed to be with the man she loved. He was free but even if they were allowed to marry, he wouldn’t be able to legally claim her as his own. Not only did the law prevent them from being together, but the man who ran the plantation, Mr. Flint had taken a liking to Jacobs and often pursued her. At one point, he asked if she loved the man and when she responded yes, he said "I supposed you thought more of yourself; that you felt above the insults of such puppies" to which Jacobs responded "If he is a puppy I am a puppy, for we are both of the negro race. It is right and honorable for us to love each other" (926). Not only were slaves not treated as human, they weren't even referred to as human, only adding to the humiliation. Slave owners thought that slaves were not like caucasians, and therefore didn’t feel love like they did. A relationship between two slaves was seen as a commodity than a loving relationship. Mr. Flint suggested that she marry one of his slaves, to which she objected, showing that not even love is sacred in slavery. Not only did Jacobs not return Flint's feelings and grew to hate him, his wife, Mrs. Flint didn’t care much for Harriet Jacobs due to all the attention she was getting from her husband. Although Jacobs wasn’t allowed to marry her true love and she urged him to go to the free states and leave her behind, she held on to the hope that things may get better. There were ways to escape this horrific reality she was in, but none such methods have worked. Both her father and grandmother had tried frivolously to buy her. Jacobs write that her father's "strongest wish was to purchase his children" (922). To think that people had to purchase the children that they produced, is quite baffling. The fact that her father couldnt even buy his children, just shows how much they were treated as objects rather than people. Jacobs is able to illustrate that life as an African American was not a fair one at the time. Even though her father and grandmother worked hard to try and save her from a life of slavery, they still proved unsuccessful. They had tried to help give her a better life. But it was to no avail. Nevertheless, she tried to maintain a positive attitude and hope that there may come a day where her freedom is granted. 

While Harriet Jacobs was able to maintain a positive outlook considering her current situation, the effects of slavery and the treatment she received from others began to take its toll. Though Mr. Flint's relentless and seemingly endless pursuit of Jacobs, he tried to break down her spirits. To take that last spark of hope away from her. She writes "For years, my master had done his utmost to pollute my mind with foul images, and to destroy the pure principles inculcated by my grandmother, and the good mistress of my childhood" (929). Mr. Flint's attempts to corrupt Jacobs did not prove fruitless. Although she remained fairly positive and realized that she was better off than other slaves, she was still affected by the hardships of slavery. She writes "The influences of slavery had the same effect on me that they had on other young girls; they had made me prematurely knowing, concerning the evil ways of the world (929). Mr. Flint's relentless pursuits of Jacobs was an example of a bigger underlying problem. In this time, sexual assault was not only tolerated, but a benefit to a slaveholder. If a woman in his custody had a baby, that baby is a slave they don’t have to pay for. Another great example of the objectification of slaves. Perhaps the awareness of the evil in the world made her more likely to welcome the good. Shortly after her lover leaves to go to the free states, Jacobs begins conversing with another man. He knows her grandmother and is a free, white, unmarried man. Although Jacobs was only fifteen, he expressed great interest in her and wished to help her. Over time, they were able to converse more and more often and she began to fall for the man with whom she ended up having two children with while still in slavery. 

Although Jacobs' spirit was at times broken, she maintained her strength through her drive to protect her children. She was able to escape from the Flint plantation and hide in her grandmothers house. There was a narrow crawl space beneath the roof of her house and Jacobs remained there for a speculated seven years. While in the crawl space, she was able to overhear conversations being had of plans to capture escaped slaves as well as speculations about Jacobs' hiding location. She writes that it was mostly believed that she was in the free states and that no one suspected her grandmother's house. She was able to hear and see her children every one in a while, but could not so much as speak to them. They also didn't know where their mother was and Dr. Flint and his family often tried to bribe them for information they did not have about their mother. After several years, she learns that Dr. Flint is dead. Jacobs writes that she thought herself to be a better Christian saying that "I cannot say, with truth, that the news of my old masters death softened my feelings towards him. There are wrongs which even the grave does not bury. The man was odious to me while he lived, and his memory is odious to me now" (937). Even with the passing of Dr. Flint, Jacobs was not free, and although she held the resentment for him, she wanted nothing more than a life for her and her children. After some time, She is sold through a friend of her lover. She becomes a free woman from this sale, as do her children. She writes "A human being sold in the free city of New York! The bill of sale is on record, and future generations will learn from it that women were articles of traffic in New York, late in the nineteenth century of the Christian religion" (940). Even at the time of writing where she was free and slavery was not yet abolished, she predicted that one day it might be. That one day slavery will be a stain on American history and an unbelievable one at that. Fredrick Douglass' speech about who is entitled to freedom is supported by Harriet Jacobs' writing as it shows the lack of freedom, personal liberty, and objectification that the slaves experienced. 

Works Cited 

Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. 1861. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Nina Baym and Robert S. Levine. Vol. B. New York: W.W. Norton, 2012. 920-42. Print.